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Exploring self-organization and self-adaption for smart manufacturing complex networks

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 206-222 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0225-1

摘要： Trends toward the globalization of the manufacturing industry and the increasing demands for small-batch, short-cycle, and highly customized products result in complexities and fluctuations in both external and internal manufacturing environments, which poses great challenges to manufacturing enterprises. Fortunately, recent advances in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the widespread use of embedded processors and sensors in factories enable collecting real-time manufacturing status data and building cyber–physical systems for smart, flexible, and resilient manufacturing systems. In this context, this paper investigates the mechanisms and methodology of self-organization and self-adaption to tackle exceptions and disturbances in discrete manufacturing processes. Specifically, a general model of smart manufacturing complex networks is constructed using scale-free networks to interconnect heterogeneous manufacturing resources represented by network vertices at multiple levels. Moreover, the capabilities of physical manufacturing resources are encapsulated into virtual manufacturing services using cloud technology, which can be added to or removed from the networks in a plug-and-play manner. Materials, information, and financial assets are passed through interactive links across the networks. Subsequently, analytical target cascading is used to formulate the processes of self-organizing optimal configuration and self-adaptive collaborative control for multilevel key manufacturing resources while particle swarm optimization is used to solve local problems on network vertices. Consequently, an industrial case based on a Chinese engine factory demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and method in handling typical exceptions. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism and method outperform the event-triggered rescheduling method, reducing manufacturing cost, manufacturing time, waiting time, and energy consumption, with reasonable computational time. This work potentially enables managers and practitioners to implement active perception, active response, self-organization, and self-adaption solutions in discrete manufacturing enterprises.

关键词： cyber–physical systems Industrial Internet of Things smart manufacturing complex networks self-organization and self-adaption analytical target cascading collaborative optimization

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用二极管统一构建两个n阶电路网络 Research Article

林小燕,谭志中

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第2期页码 289-298 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200360

摘要：本文通过二极管将两个不同的n阶拓扑电路网络连接起来，建立起一个统一的网络模型，这是一个以前没有研究解决的新问题。该网络模型不仅包含五个电阻元件，还包含二极管器件，因此该网络包含多种不同的网络类型。该问题可以通过三个主要步骤来解决：首先，将网络简化为两个不同的等效电路模型；其次，应用基尔霍夫定律建立非线性差分方程模型；最后，对结构相似的两个方程进行统一处理，并利用等效变换技术得到非线性差分方程的通解。作为应用，文章推导出几个有趣的特殊结果。网络模型的研究非常重要，可以应用于跨学科研究。

关键词：复杂网络；等效变换；非线性差分方程；等效电阻

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复杂系统与网络及其应用 Editorial

Jin-de CAO, Yang LIU, Jian-quan LU, Leszek RUTKOWSKI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第2期页码 195-198 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2020000

摘要：复杂系统与网络能刻画现有大量系统的特征，并在过去几十年中得到国内外学者广泛关注。由于通信、计算机和信息技术飞速发展，人们能够应对传统方法无法处理的大规模数据，近年来，有关复杂系统与网络的研究已扩展至网络化控制系统、信息物理系统、逻辑网络、神经网络和其它相关领域。更重要的是，诸如无线传感网络、分散式控制和深度学习等新兴技术亟需分布式控制策略，以确保系统鲁棒性、灵活性、可扩展性、低成本或便于配置和易于维护。自上世纪末以来，有关复杂系统与网络的研究已取得巨大发展和进步，得到许多有见地的结果和富有成效的方法。复杂系统与网络已广泛应用于民用和军事领域，典型示例包括运输系统、国家电网、健康和医疗领域、航空航天和工业系统等专业领域。随着对清洁能源、低成本、高安全性、健康等的要求，复杂系统与网络的研究越来越受到学术界和工业界关注。在此背景下，中国工程院院刊《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》（FITEE）组织了本期“复杂系统与网络及其应用”专刊，旨在促进复杂系统与网络的研究，概述理论、应用两方面最新进展。经严格评审，共遴选12篇论文，其中2篇综述，10篇研究论文。李晓迪等对基于复杂网络的脉冲控制给出全面综述。侧重于脉冲控制和脉冲摄动，涉及具有脉冲效应的复杂动态网络几个方面：同步和异步脉冲、自适应—脉冲同步、牵制脉冲同步以及具有随机和脉冲效应的复杂动态网络。同时，指出一些未来研究方向。李海涛等详细综述逻辑控制网络控制器设计的最新研究进展，具体包括可达集方法、牵制控制设计、控制李雅普诺夫函数方法和采样控制方法等。曹进德等讨论了具有脉冲特性的分数阶四元数神经网络的多重Mittag-Leffler稳定性问题。作者证实：当利普希茨条件得到保证时，可用由激活函数几何特性导出的工具证明平衡点的存在性。此外，借助李雅普诺夫稳定性理论，进一步研究了带脉冲的分数阶四元数值神经网络多个平衡点的全局Miattag-Leffler稳定性问题，通过数值实例验证了所提方法的有效性。逻辑网络作为基因调控网络建模的典型形式之一，一直是人们关注的热点，在系统生物学、电网、内燃机、博弈论、加密和机器人等领域有着广泛应用。代数状态空间方法的发展，极大促进了有关逻辑控制网络的结构和动力学研究，以及逻辑控制网络的分析与综合，甚至扩展至布尔和多值逻辑网络等。桂卫华等基于网络结构提出布尔网络的输出反馈稳定器设计方法。不同于传统牵制控制设计方法，给出的设计策略与布尔网络的状态转换矩阵无关，且可有效确定牵制控制节点并降低计算复杂度。利用信号转导网络和果蝇分割极性基因网络仿真和实验，验证该方法具有良好性能和适应性。卢剑权等讨论了基于切换的非周期采样布尔控制网络的稳定性问题。解决了网络各子系统不稳定时非周期采样数据控制下的布尔控制网络全局稳定性问题。与其它不稳定子系统的切换布尔网络的全局稳定性研究相比，其考虑的非周期采样控制问题更为困难与复杂。近年来，同步和一致性现象引起人们对网络系统中集群行为产生机制的关注。Kurths等提出一种基于双仿真的状态反馈控制的概率布尔控制网络稳定新方法，可用于降低计算复杂度。在强大矩阵运算基础上，给出一个充要条件，并考虑双仿概率布尔控制网络之间概率为1的镇定问题。李露露等研究了耦合时滞布尔网络的完全同步问题，其中状态时滞和输出时滞可能不相等，并且每个布尔网络中的状态时滞可能不同，提出完全同步的一个充要条件，并给出相应算法。潘金凤和孟敏基于级联聚集的布尔网络，考虑了最优单比特扰动，使得期望吸引子吸引域最大，而非期望吸引子吸引域最小。基于聚集方法，给出单比特扰动后所需吸引子不变的一个充分必要条件。在T细胞受体网络上的实验证实了该方法的可行性和有效性。级联分解作为布尔控制网络分解的一种基本形式，在理论上是一个有趣而实用的概念。李一峰和朱建栋利用图论方法研究布尔控制网络的两类级联分解问题，提出“嵌套完全等顶点划分”概念，并得到图解的充分必要条件。此外，通过构造坐标变换，给出相应级联分解形式，通过实验数据验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。由于涉及DNA转录和RNA翻译的耗时过程，时滞在基因调控过程中不可避免，并且在生物体发育中起关键作用。最近，时滞逻辑控制网络领域的研究者得到一些有趣结果。郑雅婷和冯俊娥基于集合稳定性理论，研究具有状态和控制约束的时滞逻辑控制网络的输出跟踪问题。基于状态转换矩阵的变形，推导出几个充要条件，并提出容许状态反馈控制器设计方案。实验证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。神经网络在医学图像边缘检测、医学事件检测、模式识别和机器人技术等领域的潜在应用价值，使得神经网络快速发展。曹阳等研究了混合时滞和脉冲效应的惯性双向联想记忆神经网络，借助微分不等式技术，给出反周期解的存在性、唯一性和全局指数稳定性判据。最后给出一个算例，验证了结果的有效性。交通信息的可获取性对汽车动力系统控制具有巨大潜力。康明新和高金武描述了一种换档控制方案，其中控制设计换档策略可在逻辑系统框架内制定。为实现这一控制方案，车辆动力学模型采用马尔可夫过程。在逻辑系统框架下，通过滚动时域最优控制求解燃料优化问题。利用动态规划工具求解最优问题。仿真结果验证了设计方案的有效性。本期专刊涵盖了当前大量有关复杂系统、逻辑网络和神经网络的研究内容及其最新进展，包括逻辑网络的稳定、跟踪和解偶、神经网络的分析和综合、基于脉冲控制的复杂网络同步问题策略，以及车辆燃油效率优化等实际工程问题。我们希望本期专刊对这些领域的研究人员有所帮助，促进复杂系统和逻辑网络、神经网络及相关领域研究的开展。本期专刊的顺利出版，得益于作者和匿名审稿人在内众多学者的支持和无私帮助。此外，我们感谢期刊编辑大力协助，感谢主编潘云鹤和卢锡城教授提供的宝贵机会。

关键词： None

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具有脉冲效应的复杂动态网络综述 Review Articles

Xiu-ping HAN, Yong-shun ZHAO, Xiao-di LI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第2期页码 199-219 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900456

摘要：本文回顾具有脉冲效应的复杂动态网络研究工作。将脉冲效应分为脉冲控制与脉冲干扰两个方面，较全面系统地总结具有脉冲效应的复杂动态网络基础性研究结果和最近研究进展。论文主要分5部分，包括复杂动态网络的同步脉冲、失同步脉冲、自适应脉冲同步、牵制脉冲同步以及具有随机和脉冲效应的复杂动态网络。最后，给出结论，并简要叙述具有脉冲效应的复杂动态网络未来研究方向。

关键词：复杂动态网络；同步脉冲；失同步脉冲；牵制控制；时滞

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The Immense Impact of Reverse Edges on Large Hierarchical Networks

Haosen Cao,Bin-Bin Hu,Xiaoyu Mo,Duxin Chen,Jianxi Gao,Ye Yuan,Guanrong Chen,Tamás Vicsek,Xiaohong Guan,Hai-Tao Zhang,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.011

摘要： Hierarchical networks are frequently encountered in animal groups, gene networks, and artificial engineering systems such as multiple robots, unmanned vehicle systems, smart grids, wind farm networks, and so forth. The structure of a large directed hierarchical network is often strongly influenced by reverse edges from lower- to higher- level nodes, such as lagging birds’ howl in a flock or the opinions of lower-level individuals feeding back to higher-level ones in a social group. This study reveals that, for most large-scale real hierarchical networks, the majority of the reverse edges do not affect the synchronization process of the entire network; the synchronization process is influenced only by a small part of these reverse edges along specific paths. More surprisingly, a single effective reverse edge can slow down the synchronization of a huge hierarchical network by over 60%. The effect of such edges depends not on the network size but only on the average in-degree of the involved subnetwork. The overwhelming majority of active reverse edges turn out to have some kind of “bunching” effect on the information flows of hierarchical networks, which slows down synchronization processes. This finding refines the current understanding of the role of reverse edges in many natural, social, and engineering hierarchical networks, which might be beneficial for precisely tuning the synchronization rhythms of these networks. Our study also proposes an effective way to attack a hierarchical network by adding a malicious reverse edge to it and provides some guidance for protecting a network by screening out the specific small proportion of vulnerable nodes.

关键词： Synchronizability Large hierarchical networks Reverse edges Information flows Complex networks

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关于人体经络的一个试探性观点

唐孝威,沈小雷,何宏建

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第11期页码 14-17

摘要：

在考察针刺穴位治疗作用的基础上，根据现有的实验事实，将人体经络的观念和经改进后的神经-内分泌-免疫系统的观念统一起来，提出人体经络是具有敏感节点和功能连接的神经-内分泌-免疫网络的假说。人体经络的复杂网络不仅是遍及全身的系统，而且可以通过敏感节点及其功能连接对身体起调控作用。

关键词：人体经络针刺穴位神经-内分泌-免疫系统复杂网络

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GID complex regulates the differentiation of neural stem cells by destabilizing TET2

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1007-9

摘要： Brain development requires a delicate balance between self-renewal and differentiation in neural stem cells (NSC), which rely on the precise regulation of gene expression. Ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) modulates gene expression by the hydroxymethylation of 5-methylcytosine in DNA as an important epigenetic factor and participates in the neuronal differentiation. Yet, the regulation of TET2 in the process of neuronal differentiation remains unknown. Here, the protein level of TET2 was reduced by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway during NSC differentiation, in contrast to mRNA level. We identified that TET2 physically interacts with the core subunits of the glucose-induced degradation-deficient (GID) ubiquitin ligase complex, an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin ligase complex and is ubiquitinated by itself. The protein levels of GID complex subunits increased reciprocally with TET2 level upon NSC differentiation. The silencing of the core subunits of the GID complex, including WDR26 and ARMC8, attenuated the ubiquitination and degradation of TET2, increased the global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels, and promoted the differentiation of the NSC. TET2 level increased in the brain of the Wdr26^+/− mice. Our results illustrated that the GID complex negatively regulates TET2 protein stability, further modulates NSC differentiation, and represents a novel regulatory mechanism involved in brain development.

关键词： TET2 GID complex neural stem cells differentiation of neurons

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复杂网络和系统的分布式滤波与控制 Editorial

陈关荣1,Sergej ČELIKOVSKÝ2,郭雷3,张友民4,李天成5

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第22卷第1期页码 1-140 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2110000

摘要： In the last two decades, research on distributed filtering and control (FAC) has burgeoned into large-scale complex networks and systems. A distributed networked system, typically composed of a number of cost-effective dynamical nodes (agents) with limited sensing, computing, and communication capabilities, is gaining considerable popularity due to its low power consumption, simple installation, high performance, and strong reliability, as compared with the centralized setting. As a result, various network- induced FAC systems, techniques, and algorithms have emerged, including node registration and control, network consensus and synchronization, multi-sensor data clustering/fusion, network topological design and analysis, and the like. In addition, it is important to have an insightful understanding of the way networks and systems behave and evolve from the FAC perspectives. This is often critical with respect to many important problems, such as managing a limited number of sensors for the best field-of-view coverage, tackling the intrinsic interactions and unknown correlations among dynamical nodes, trade-offs between performance and constraints, or achieving automation in noisy environments, just to name a few. These problems are imperative but also challenging for their multidisciplinary nature and inherent complexity, for which various theories, techniques, and algorithms are continuously being proposed and developed; however, more research effort and endeavors are needed. This special issue is aimed at collecting high-quality papers in the research field of distributed filtering and control of complex networks and systems; the final result includes two comprehensive reviews and nine original research papers.

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Footholds optimization for legged robots walking on complex terrain

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0742-y

摘要： This paper proposes a novel continuous footholds optimization method for legged robots to expand their walking ability on complex terrains. The algorithm can efficiently run onboard and online by using terrain perception information to protect the robot against slipping or tripping on the edge of obstacles, and to improve its stability and safety when walking on complex terrain. By relying on the depth camera installed on the robot and obtaining the terrain heightmap, the algorithm converts the discrete grid heightmap into a continuous costmap. Then, it constructs an optimization function combined with the robot’s state information to select the next footholds and generate the motion trajectory to control the robot’s locomotion. Compared with most existing footholds selection algorithms that rely on discrete enumeration search, as far as we know, the proposed algorithm is the first to use a continuous optimization method. We successfully implemented the algorithm on a hexapod robot, and verified its feasibility in a walking experiment on a complex terrain.

关键词： footholds optimization legged robot complex terrain adapting hexapod robot locomotion control

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Novel interpretable mechanism of neural networks based on network decoupling method

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 572-581 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0169-x

摘要： The lack of interpretability of the neural network algorithm has become the bottleneck of its wide application. We propose a general mathematical framework, which couples the complex structure of the system with the nonlinear activation function to explore the decoupled dimension reduction method of high-dimensional system and reveal the calculation mechanism of the neural network. We apply our framework to some network models and a real system of the whole neuron map of Caenorhabditis elegans. Result shows that a simple linear mapping relationship exists between network structure and network behavior in the neural network with high-dimensional and nonlinear characteristics. Our simulation and theoretical results fully demonstrate this interesting phenomenon. Our new interpretation mechanism provides not only the potential mathematical calculation principle of neural network but also an effective way to accurately match and predict human brain or animal activities, which can further expand and enrich the interpretable mechanism of artificial neural network in the future.

关键词： neural networks interpretability dynamical behavior network decouple

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Special issue: Reliability management of complex system

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 477-479 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0175-z

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Independent cover meshless particle method for complex geotechnical engineering

Jianqiu WU, Yongchang CAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 515-526 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0428-4

摘要： A new Independent Cover Meshless Particle (ICMP) method is proposed for the analysis of complex geotechnical engineering. In the ICMP method, the independent rectangular cover regardless of the shape of the analysis model is employed as the influence domain of each discrete node, the general polynomial is employed as the meshless interpolation function of the independent nodal cover, and the Cartesian Transformation Method (CTM) is used for the numerical integration of the nodal covers cut by material interfaces, joints, cracks and faults. The present method has a simple formulation and a low computational cost, and is easy for the numerical analysis and modeling of complex geotechnical engineering. Several typical numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.

关键词： meshless method particle method independent cover CTM geotechnical engineering

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Forecast method for used number of parts and components based on complex network

LIU Fu-yun, QI Guo-ning, YANG Qing-hai

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第4期页码 479-484 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0064-5

摘要： Applying directed complex network to model the main structure of a product family, according to in-degree bi-logarithmic coordinate distribution curve and distribution rule of nodes of the network, in-degree evolving rule of nodes of the network is presented and analytic expression of in-degree probability density of nodes is derived. Through the analysis of the relation between existing kinds of components and existing product numbers, an expression of the relation between kinds of components and product numbers is derived. A forecast method for the increment of component numbers and parts based on the increment of products is presented. As an example, the component numbers of an industrial steam turbine product family is forecasted, forecast result verified and forecast error analyzed.

关键词： complex network industrial component analytic expression forecast

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Cationic organobismuth complex as an effective catalyst for conversion of CO

Xiaowen ZHANG, Weili DAI, Shuangfeng YIN, Shenglian LUO, Chak-Tong AU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 32-37 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0068-y

摘要： In order to achieve high-efficiency conversion of CO into valuable chemicals, and to exploit new applications of organobismuth compounds, cationic organobismuth complex with 5,6,7,12-tetrahydrodibenz[c,f] azabismocine framework was examined for the first time for the coupling of CO into cyclic carbonates, using terminal epoxides as substrates and tetrabutylammonium halide as co-catalyst in a solvent-free environment under mild conditions. It is shown that the catalyst exhibited high activity and selectivity for the coupling reaction of CO with a wide range of terminal epoxide. The selectivity of propylene carbonates could reach 100%, and the maximum turnover frequency was up to 10740 h at 120°C and 3 MPa CO pressure when tetrabutylammonium iodide was used as co-catalyst. Moreover, the catalyst is environment friendly, resistant to air and water, and can be readily reused and recycled without any loss of activity, demonstrating a potential in industrial application.

关键词： cationic organobismuth complex terminal epoxide carbon dioxide coupling cyclic carbonate